Case Law Compendium African Regional Judges Forum Vol. 1
Part I includes summaries of precedential human rights rulings from across the continent, ranging from the right to health to equality, civic rights, criminal justice, and environmental rights.
Part II provides key excerpts from cases showing the care and diligence judges in the region have applied in their reasoning. The excerpts are indicative of constitutional interpretation that respects the universality of human rights in a context where States are trying to step away from the shackles of colonial laws and policing practices.
Судебное преследование по уголовным делам, связанным с ВИЧ, в Канаде
Данный документ призван помочь органам прокуратуры в разработке такого руководства, чтобы избежать вредного использования уголовного законодательства в отношении ВИЧ и обеспечить разумное использование ограниченных ресурсов прокуратуры. Хотя другие инфекции, передающиеся половым путем, могут вызывать такие же опасения, как и ВИЧ, именно случаи, связанные с ВИЧ, в подавляющем большинстве случаев привлекают внимание прокуратуры и судебных органов. Поэтому в данном документе основное внимание уделяется судебным преследованиям, связанным с ВИЧ.
Этот документ был переведен с языка оригинала с помощью DeepL Pro (технологии перевода на основе искусственного интеллекта), чтобы обеспечить доступ пользователей Академии правосудия по ВИЧ к большему объему контента. Мы отдаем себе отчет в ограниченных возможностях машинного перевода и не гарантируем точности переведенной версии документа
OptTEST Советы и подсказки №9 – Как представлять наши аргументы политикам и людям, принимающим решения?
Изучает, как обучать лиц, принимающих решения, и политиков, лучшие способы коммуникации, как сформулировать аргументы и т.д.
No HIV transmission from virally suppressed mothers during breastfeeding in rural Tanzania (2018)
Brief report from clinical practice in Tanzania which found no HIV transmission from mothers who were retained in care and had suppressed viral load whilst breastfeeding. They conclude: "Breastfeeding signifies a very low risk when mothers adhere to ART."
The potential for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through human bites
Reviews evidence related to the potential for HIV transmission through human bites. Concludes that while biologically possible, transmission remains unlikely, risk is epidemiologically insignificant and as yet, has not been well documented.
Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Review and meta-analysis of 11 articles found no HIV transmission among heterosexual discordant couples when the positive patient was treated with ART and had a viral load below 400 copies (with data compatible with one transmission per 79 years).
HIV is not transmitted under fully suppressive therapy: The Swiss Statement – eight years later
Outlines the background to the Swiss Statement, reactions to the Swiss Statement, and the fact that subsequent research has not undermined its assertions. Includes observations about its legacy, including more honest communication between patients and clinicians, and the development of official guidelines recognising the effectiveness of ART.
Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy
Reports findings of OPTN 052 study based in nine countries, which found early initiation of antiretroviral therapy reduced rates of sexual transmission of HIV-1 and clinical events, indicating both personal and public health benefits from such therapy.
Heterosexual HIV-1 infectiousness and antiretroviral use: systematic review of prospective studies of discordant couples
Systemic review and meta-analysis of 50 studies considered HIV transmission risk between heterosexual partners. Found ART substantially reduces HIV infection risk within serodiscordant couples.
Routes, Risks and Realities of HIV Transmission and Care: Current Scientific Knowledge and Medical Treatment
This factsheet from the Center for HIV & Law Policy, published in 2017, outlines HIV transmission risk (based on “HIV Medicine and Science: Transmission Considerations”).
- Alternative links
- Spanish / Español
Advancing HIV Justice 2: Building momentum in global advocacy against HIV criminalisation
Provides a progress report of achievements and challenges in global advocacy against HIV criminalisation from April 2013 to 30 September 2015.
- Alternative links
- Français (Traduction automatisée),
National HIV/AIDS Strategy Imperative: Fighting Stigma and Discrimination by Repealing HIV-Specific Criminal Statutes
States HIV criminalisation undermines HIV prevention and sexual health messages, and breeds ignorance, fear and discrimination against people living with HIV. Argues that instead of applying criminal law to HIV transmission, governments should expand programs to reduce HIV transmission while protecting the human rights of people living with HIV.
Position Statement on HIV Criminalization
States that criminal law is an ineffective and inappropriate tool to prevent HIV exposure and transmission because it dissuades people from accessing diagnostic and treatment services and compromises open and honest communication with nurses. Recommends that nurses advocate for the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS.