No HIV transmission from virally suppressed mothers during breastfeeding in rural Tanzania (2018)
Brief report from clinical practice in Tanzania which found no HIV transmission from mothers who were retained in care and had suppressed viral load whilst breastfeeding. They conclude: "Breastfeeding signifies a very low risk when mothers adhere to ART."
Women living with HIV in high-income settings and breastfeeding (2020)
A thorough review of policy guidance, science and practice in high income settings from Denmark. It concludes that "suppressive maternal ART significantly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. However, it is important to recognize and acknowledge that some women living with HIV may wish to breastfeed their infant, in which both the healthcare providers and the women need evidence-based information about the risks and benefits to enable an informed decision."
The potential for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through human bites
Reviews evidence related to the potential for HIV transmission through human bites. Concludes that while biologically possible, transmission remains unlikely, risk is epidemiologically insignificant and as yet, has not been well documented.
AMA Resolution on Modernization of HIV Specific Criminal Laws
Resolution by the American Medical Association (AMA) including condemnation of HIV-based discrimination, calls for laws to be consistent with current scientific knowledge, and encouragement of public education about stigma created by HIV criminalization status and their negative consequences. (Background information provided by the Centre for HIV Law and Policy)
.
Keeping Confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives
Based on discussions with 75 service providers, this study found that criminalisation has influenced, and sometimes disrupted provision of HIV services, creating ambivalence and concern among many providers about their new role as providers of legal information. Service providers’ approach were influenced by their personal views on shared responsibility for health, concerns about professional liability and their degree of trust in non-coercive approaches to managing public health.
Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: a position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
Summarises the latest research on the risk of HIV transmission from people on suppressive treatment, focusing on risk of sexual transmission. Authored by the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy.