Document on criminalisation case on the risk of HIV transmission through exclusive breastfeeding
The purpose of this paper is to report on a recent case of HIV criminalisation that occurred in August 2022, in the province of San Luis, Argentina, where a woman with HIV was criminalised for accessing her right to choose how to exclusively breastfeed her baby.
Please note this is a DEEPL translation of the Spanish report.
Redefining Risk: Judicially Heightened Risk Standards and HIV-Specific Criminal Laws
This Note explains the risk of HIV transmission associated with certain behaviours, lays out variations in HIV-specific criminal laws, and examines how those laws are applied. It also examines the courts’ reasoning in Rhoades and Hogg as well as analyzes the legal and policy problems that these laws create, the challenges to amending or repealing the laws.
Police, Law Enforcement and HIV
JIAS special issue containing examples of how police and civil society can build mutual trust and work in partnership to ensure the implementation of safe, sensitive and inclusive HIV programmes.
Expert affidavit in E.L. case on the impact of laws applied to criminalise HIV transmission or exposure
Affidavit provided to the High Court from Michaela Clayton, a human rights lawyer with extensive expertise in HIV/AIDS and human rights issues, concluding that, in her expert opinion, HIV criminalisation was unlikely to prevent new infections or reduce women's vulnerability to HIV but could in fact harm women rather than assist them, and also may negatively impact both public health and human rights.
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The Threat Lives On: How to Exclude Expectant Mothers from Prosecution for Mere Exposure of HIV to their Fetuses and Infants (2015)
This article articulates how the threat of prosecution of mothers living with HIV who expose or transfer the virus to their foetuses or newborn will discourage and scare women away from seeking proper medical treatment instead of encouraging HIV treatment and prevention. It also explores how HIV-specific criminal transmission laws in the United States could hamper and stifle the progress in prevention and treatment of vertical transmission. It concludes by proposing a model for change in addressing these HIV-specific criminal transmission statutes.
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Informe técnico VIH, derechos humanos e igualdad de género
El objetivo del presente informe técnico es ayudar a los solicitantes del Fondo Mundial a incluir y ampliar programas concretos y efectivos dirigidos a eliminar los obstáculos relacionados con los derechos humanos en los servicios de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento del VIH. El informe explora los obstáculos en el acceso y la utilización de los servicios del VIH que estos programas ayudan a eliminar, incluida la penalización del VIH.
Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission
Review of 14 rigorous studies to re-estimate condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. Finds consistent condoms use results in an 80% reduction in HIV incidence, i.e 80% less than the particular act without condoms. Consistent use is defined as using a condom for all acts of penetrative vaginal intercourse.