Constitutional Court of South Africa – Amicus Curiae Brief – Justice Edwin Cameron
Amicus Curiae Brief regarding the Public Action of Constitutional Challenge against Article 370 of Law 599 from 2000.
Factsheet Uzbekistan 2022
The Republic of Uzbekistan has repeatedly received recommendations from the treaty bodies to amend the Criminal Code and repeal both Articles 113 and 120 as such that lead to systematic violations. The Republic of Uzbekistan systematically ignores all such comments and recommendations, despite having committed to comply with international regulations.
This factsheet summarises violations from international regulations and recommendations from the treaty bodies.
Role of viral suppression in HIV treatment and prevention and its potential in addressing harmful laws and discrimination
This article documents key moments in research and WHO policies that have informed how ART is applied within HIV programs, including as a prevention tool with the potential to support efforts to address HIV-related discrimination. In 2023, WHO continues to clarify that there is zero risk of sexual HIV transmission when a person living with HIV has an undetectable viral load and an almost zero or negligible risk of sexual transmission when a person living with HIV has a viral load of ≤1000 copies/mL.
Полиция, снижение вреда и ВИЧ
Этот информационный документ объясняет, как подходы правоохранительных органов поощряют рискованную практику среди потребителей наркотиков и препятствуют практике, которая могла бы защитить их здоровье, и предлагает подходы и практику, которые могут помочь в продвижении целей общественного здравоохранения.
Covering Risk: HIV Criminalization and Condoms
While some policymakers and courts have recognized condom use as sufficient to negate possibility of HIV transmission, people living with HIV in Canada remain at risk of prosecution for alleged non-disclosure before sex with a condom. While the law may be unsettled, the science and policy reasons are clear: prosecuting people living with HIV who use condoms is unscientific and unfair. Law- and policymakers must act to definitively preclude prosecutions against people living with HIV who use condoms.
Time trends, characteristics, and evidence of scientific advances within the legal complaints for alleged sexual HIV transmission in Spain: 1996–2012
This article quantifies and characterizes existing legal complaints for the sexual transmission of HIV in Spain, describes temporal trends and whether advance of scientific knowledge is reflected in charging decisions, judicial reasoning, and sentences.
Beyond criminalization: reconsidering HIV criminalization in an era of reform
This paper reviews recent studies examining the application of HIV-specific criminal laws in North America (particularly the United States and Canada). In the wake of the development of new biomedical prevention strategies, many states in the United States (US) have recently begun to reform or repeal their HIV-specific laws. These findings can help inform efforts to ‘modernize’ HIV laws (or, to revise in ways that reflect recent scientific advances in HIV treatment and prevention).
The Threat Lives On: How to Exclude Expectant Mothers from Prosecution for Mere Exposure of HIV to their Fetuses and Infants (2015)
This article articulates how the threat of prosecution of mothers living with HIV who expose or transfer the virus to their foetuses or newborn will discourage and scare women away from seeking proper medical treatment instead of encouraging HIV treatment and prevention. It also explores how HIV-specific criminal transmission laws in the United States could hamper and stifle the progress in prevention and treatment of vertical transmission. It concludes by proposing a model for change in addressing these HIV-specific criminal transmission statutes.
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Eliminating HIV transmission through breast milk from women taking antiretroviral drugs (2021)
Ameena Goga and colleagues argue that frequent testing of maternal viral load is needed to eliminate HIV transmission through breast milk in low and middle income settings.
Решение C-248/19 – Иск, оспаривающий конституционность статьи 370 Закона 599 от 2000 года О порядке издания Уголовного кодекса
Решение Конституционного суда Колумбии об отмене статьи 370 уголовного кодекса, которая криминализировала передачу ВИЧ.
Этот документ был переведен с языка оригинала с помощью DeepL Pro (технологии перевода на основе искусственного интеллекта), чтобы обеспечить доступ пользователей Академии правосудия по ВИЧ к большему объему контента. Мы отдаем себе отчет в ограниченных возможностях машинного перевода и не гарантируем точности переведенной версии документа
Undetectable = untransmittable — Public health and HIV viral load suppression
UNAIDS factsheet explaining how twenty years of evidence demonstrate that HIV treatment is highly effective in reducing the transmission of HIV. People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy who have an undetectable level of HIV in their blood have a negligible risk of transmitting HIV sexually.
Using Research In The Fight Against HIV Criminalisation – A Guide for Activists
The purpose of this guide is to help advocates who want to use research in their activism. It is not a guide about how to conduct original research. Instead, it focuses on how to find, read and interpret research on HIV criminalisation, giving examples of how advocates have successfully used research to challenge HIV criminalisation.
Заявление об экспертном консенсусе в отношении научных данных о ВИЧ- инфекции в контексте уголовного права
Будучи обеспокоены тем, что судебные преследования не всегда руководствуются наилучшими из имеющихся научных и медицинских доказательств, 20 ведущих мировых ученых в области ВИЧ-инфекции разработали заявление о консенсусе в отношении использования науки о ВИЧ в рамках системы уголовного права.
Заявление было написано для оказания помощи научным экспертам, рассматривающим отдельные уголовные дела, и для призыва к правительствам и к тем, кто работает в системе уголовного правосудия, прилагать все усилия для обеспечения правильного и полного понимания существующих научных знаний, а также информирует о любых применениях уголовного права в случаях, связанных с к ВИЧ.
Филогенетический анализ как инструмент судебной экспертизы при расследовании передачи ВИЧ-инфекции
Обзор судебных расследований по делам о ВИЧ, опубликованных в научной литературе, а также методологические аспекты, важные для применения и стандартизации методов филогенетического анализа в качестве инструмента судебной экспертизы. В нем делается вывод об отсутствии согласованности между методами и необходимости определения руководящих принципов, которые будут использоваться судебно-медицинскими филогенетическими экспертами в случаях передачи ВИЧ.
Этот документ был переведен с языка оригинала с помощью DeepL Pro (технологии перевода на основе искусственного интеллекта), чтобы обеспечить доступ пользователей Академии правосудия по ВИЧ к большему объему контента. Мы отдаем себе отчет в ограниченных возможностях машинного перевода и не гарантируем точности переведенной версии документа
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HIV Criminalisation Defence Case Compendium
This HIV Criminalisation Defence Case Compendium aims to support lawyers acting for those who are alleged to have put others at risk of HIV. Based on research conducted in late 2017, it includes criminal cases from all over the world where strong defence arguments have resulted in an acquittal or reduced penalty for persons living with HIV who have been accused of HIV exposure, non-disclosure or transmission.
The Compendium is not intended to be comprehensive. It has been developed as a resource for a training of lawyers from Africa – “Lawyers for HIV and TB justice: Strategic litigation, legal defence and advocacy training” – held in Johannesburg, South Africa from 20-23 February 2018.
Judgment On Section 24 Of The HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act
Outlines the AIDS Law Project’s suit (Petition No. 97 of 2010) against the Attorney General and Director of Public Prosecutions regarding the constitutionality of section 24 of HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act. The court found that some terms were too broadly defined and that Act contravened Kenya’s constitution.
Situation Analysis of Legal and Regulatory Aspects of HIV and AIDS in Seychelles
Designed to help governments and civil society review laws and policies based on human rights, and increase capacity to achieve enabling legal environments. Includes recommendations on criminalisation at p.88.